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Funding > Opportunities
What is the Low-Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC) and how does it work?

 

Low-Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTC)
The Low-Income Housing Tax Credit provides a tax incentive to construct or rehabilitate affordable rental housing for low-income households.

The federal government issues tax credits to state and territorial governments. State housing agencies then award the credits to private developers of affordable rental housing projects through a competitive process. Developers generally sell the credits to private investors to obtain funding. Once the housing project is placed in service (essentially, made available to tenants), investors can claim LIHTCs over a 10-year period.

Qualifying for the Credit
Many types of rental properties are LIHTC eligible, including large apartment buildings, single-family homes, or two- to four-unit buildings.

Owners or developers of projects receiving LIHTCs agree to meet an income test for tenants and a gross rent test. There are three ways to meet the income test:

 
  • At least 20 percent of the project’s units are occupied by tenants with an income of 50 percent or less of area median income (AMI) adjusted for family size.
 
  • At least 40 percent of the units are occupied by tenants with an income of 60 percent or less of AMI.
 
  • At least 40 percent of the units are occupied by tenants with income averaging no more than 60 percent of AMI, and no units are occupied by tenants with income greater than 80 percent of AMI.

The gross rent test requires that rents do not exceed 30 percent of either 50 or 60 percent of AMI, depending upon the share of tax credit rental units in the project.

All LIHTC projects must comply with these aforementioned income and rent tests for 15 years, or the amount of the tax credits is recaptured (paid back). In addition, an extended compliance period (30 years in total) is generally imposed by state housing agencies.




Source: https://taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/what-low-income-housing-tax-credit-and-how-does-it-work
 

Regional Examples of LIHTC

(Misty, Maybe more text underneath these examples? What I would love is a very simple paragraph of how they did it with what fundings and what parties and timeline to demonstrate it takes time, it takes partners and it takes braiding funding. What I don't want to do is just link out to a website that is a housing complex webpage thats not helping anyone.  )
 
Funding > Opportunities
What are the State of Ohio Tax Credit Programs?

Ohio Job Creation Tax Credit Program

The Ohio Job Creation Tax Credit (JCTC) is a refundable tax credit provided to companies generally creating at least ten new jobs (within three years) with a minimum annual payroll of $660,000 and that pay at least 150 percent of the federal minimum wage. The JCTC is a refundable and performance-based tax credit calculated as a percent of created Ohio payroll and is applied primarily toward the company’s Commercial Activity Tax liability. It also may be applied against the insurance premiums tax, corporate franchise tax, or an individual’s Ohio personal income tax obligations. Should the amount of the credit exceed the company’s commercial activity tax liability for any given year, the difference is refunded. For the purposes of the tax credit, a “qualifying work-from-home employee” shall be considered an employee employed at the applicant's project location.

Regional Examples of Ohio Job Creation Tax Credit Program

(Misty would like examples in Ohio that would be useful for the mayors to be shown with each tax credit program. Minimum 1 max 4. If we don't really have any comps I can delete this line/section)
 
Data Ohio Job Retention Tax Credit (Non-Refundable JRTC)
The Ohio Job Retention Tax Credit (Non-Refundable JRTC) is a tax credit provided to companies that:

(i) If engaged at the project site primarily in significant corporate administrative functions, as defined by the Director of Development by rule, meet both of the following criteria: (a) the taxpayer either is located in a foreign trade zone, employs at least 500 full-time equivalent employees, or has an annual Ohio employee payroll of at least $35 million at the time the Authority grants the tax credit; and (b) the taxpayer makes or causes to be made payments for the capital investment project of at least $20 million in the aggregate at the project site during a period of three consecutive calendar years, or

(ii) If engaged at the project site primarily as a manufacturer, makes or causes to be made payments for the capital investment project at the project site during a period of three consecutive calendar years, in an amount that in the aggregate equals or exceeds the lesser of: (a) $50 million or (b) five percent of the net book value of all tangible personal property used at the project site.
 
 
Data Center Tax Exemption Program
The Data Center Tax Exemption Program provides a sales and use tax exemption on the purchase of eligible data center equipment and on the installation, delivery, and repair of such equipment for qualified businesses. Projects must invest at least $100 million at the project site in a consecutive three-year period and create annual payroll of at least $1.5 million at the project site to be eligible. Exemptions may be up to 100 percent of the sales and use taxes that would otherwise be owed and are generally for a period of less than 15 years.
Ohio Historic Preservation Tax Credit (OHPTC)
The Ohio Historic Preservation Tax Credit (OHPTC) provides a tax credit to non-governmental owners and long-term lessees of historically significant buildings, equal to 25 percent of their qualified rehabilitation expenses (QRE), not to exceed the QRE estimates in the application, up to a maximum of $5 million. QREs are hard construction costs that meet the requirements of the U.S. Secretary of Interior’s “Standards for Rehabilitation of Historic Properties,” and some soft costs such as architectural or engineering fees.
Opportunity Zone Tax Credit
The Opportunity Zone Tax Credit program is overseen by ODOD and is a companion to the federal incentives for investments into qualified opportunity zones implemented in the 2017 Federal Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Ohio’s Opportunity Zone Tax Credits are available for up to ten percent of capital gains, up to $2 million per individual taxpayer (per fiscal biennium), with the total credits issued limited to $50 million per biennium.
 
 

State Low Income Housing Tax Credit

State Low Income Housing Tax Credit is a state-level low income housing tax credit which is modeled on the federal program to induce developments that increase the supply of quality, affordable rental housing. This state credit has been bolted on to the long-standing, and heavily used, federal tool that helps developers offset the costs of rental housing developments for individuals with low- to moderate-income.
 
 
Welcome Home Ohio Tax Credits
Welcome Home Ohio Tax Credits Tax credits are available to select entities; electing subdivisions (i.e., communities with land banks) or eligible developers, which are comprised of affordable housing-focused nonprofits (notably including community improvement corporations) and for-profit pass-through entities in which such nonprofits are members. Tax credit recipients must satisfy a lengthy list of conditions.
 
 

Transformational Mixed-Use Development (TMUD) Program

The Transformational Mixed-Use Development (TMUD) Program awards up to $100 million in tax credits each state fiscal year for the construction of projects that will have a major economic impact on the site and surrounding area.36 (Individual TMUD projects can receive up to $40 million of such allocated tax credits.) The development must be “mixed-use”; a combination of retail, office, residential, recreation, structured parking, and other similar uses open to the public.37 A project must include at least two mixed uses. If one of the project’s uses is a parking structure, then the project must have at least three mixed uses.
 
 
Funding > Opportunities
State of Ohio Grant Programs

629 Roadwork Development Grants

The 629 Program is often available for company projects primarily involving manufacturing, research and development, technology, corporate headquarters, and distribution activity. Retail projects are ineligible. 629 Program grants are usually provided by ODOD directly to a local
jurisdiction and require local participation. All 629 Program grants are contingent upon State of Ohio Controlling Board approval and are provided on a reimbursable basis.

Projects are typically given an 18-month project completion date from the time of Controlling Board approval. Local jurisdictions must report on job creation after the 18-month project completion date has passed. The 629 Program is funded with state gas tax dollars; therefore, the available funding level varies each fiscal year. Funds may be used for costs directly related to public roadwork improvements, including engineering and design costs. Funds are distributed on a first-come, first-served basis.
 
 
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Residential Broadband Expansion

Specifically, this program provides ODOD-vetted grants to cover broadband providers’ costs of providing hard-to-reach, last-mile connectivity. In a 2023 law change, areas that have an “extremely high cost per location threshold” are given priority when scoring grant and awarding funds.

Example if we only just an illustrative photo rather than an example project image. It might be useful set up.

Brownfield Remediation and Building Demolition

  • The Brownfield Remediation Program (R.C. 122.6511) funds the remediation of brownfield conditions statewide
     
  • The Building Demolition and Site Revitalization Program (R.C. 122.6512) funds demolition of commercial and residential buildings and seeks to revitalize adjacent, non-brownfield properties.

Common features to both programs include: (i) respective grant funds may cover up to 75 percent of a project’s total cost (i.e., 25 percent local match required); and (ii) beyond each county’s reserved amount, all remaining funds in the programs are to be awarded by ODOD on a first come, first served basis.  Lead entities are the only entities allowed to submit grant applications to ODOD, with further downstream recipients of those funds as “may include” local governments, nonprofit organizations, community development corporations, regional planning commissions, county land banks, and community action agencies. Such lead entities are defined according to a county’s population. That is, in a county with a population of less than 100,000 (per the most recent ten- year census), the board of county commissioners submits a recommended lead entity, subject to ODOD approval; in a county with a population of more than 100,000, county land banks are the lead entity (but if such a county does not have an operating county land bank then the board of county commissioners submit its recommendation to ODOD).
 
 
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H2Ohio Fund

The H2Ohio Statewide Wetland Grant Program is a reimbursement grant program providing up to 100 percent of funding for wetland and natural infrastructure projects. Funded by the H2Ohio Fund and administered by ODNR, projects focus on helping improve water quality and soil nutrient
reduction. Property acquisition associated with water quality restoration, green infrastructure projects, stormwater retention, and aiding Acid Mine Drainage Abatement Projects are all eligible uses of grant funds. Projects must have a minimum funding request of $50,000. The program has
no maximum funding cap. Projects in counties of the Western Lake Erie Basin are ineligible for this funding but may still qualify for alternative H2Ohio funding.
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Connect4Ohio Fund

The new Connect4Ohio Fund, which is intended to support rural highway. Funding is made available ostensibly to make commuting easier for workers, and is directed to eligible “rural” counties, defined as those lacking a city of at least 55,000 population according to the most recent ten-year census.
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All Ohio Future Fund

The fund is to be used for infrastructure to compete for – and win – more sizeable economic development projects such as the Amazon, Honda-LG, and Intel megaprojects that Ohio landed in recent years. The fund is intended to make site investments to attract mega-site opportunities in every single part of Ohio and “within commuting distance” for every single Ohio citizen. The All Ohio Future Fund makes available state funding for electric, natural gas, “and other infrastructure improvements”.  It prohibits water or waste water utilities using such assistance for new or expanded waste water treatment plants or water treatment facilities.

Welcome Home Ohio Purchase & Rehab Construction Grant


Focused on single-family affordable housing units that comprise at least 1,000 square feet of living space. Grant funding is available exclusively to land banks via application to ODOD.

First, land banks may apply for, and receive, grants from ODOD to purchase single-family residential units. Second, grants may be obtained from ODOD by land banks to offset the costs of rehabilitation or construction of single-family residential units, with each grant capped at $30,000 per unit.

Grant funds under the WHO are accompanied by a lengthy list of conditions, which include:

• Eventual buyers cannot earn more than 80 percent of the median income for the county in which the subject property is located; those buyers must participate in a financial literacy course conducted by the land bank. Those buyers must commit – via the purchase sale agreement with the land bank – to use the subject property only as a primary residence, and they cannot rent “any portion” to others for five years.

• The subject property will have recorded against its restrictive covenants limiting future buyers to only those who likewise do not earn more than 80 percent of the county median income; this affordability period is 20 years (the list of such properties with restrictive covenants is not a public record under Ohio’s Sunshine Laws).59 The ODOD is given standing to sue in court to enforce these restrictive covenants. The subject property cannot
be sold for more than $180,000.